What conditions can long periods of immobility predispose a patient to?

Long periods of immobility can predispose a patient to a variety of conditions, making the comprehensive option valid. When a person remains immobile for an extended time, several physiological changes can occur that lead to different health complications.

Pneumonia can develop because immobility often results in decreased lung function. Patients may have difficulty clearing secretions from the lungs, which increases the risk of infections, including pneumonia. This is particularly a concern for individuals who are unable to cough effectively due to weakness or reduced mobility.

Urinary retention and constipation are other significant risks associated with immobility. When physical activity is limited, the normal body processes that promote digestion and regular urination may slow down. The lack of movement can reduce the urge to urinate and can disrupt bowel motility, leading to constipation.

Additionally, sensory deprivation can occur when a patient is immobile for long periods. This happens when there is a diminished interaction with the environment, which can affect the sensory experiences that come from movement and physical engagement with surroundings. Sensory deprivation can result in psychological effects, such as anxiety or depression, further complicating the health of the patient.

Therefore, due to these interconnected risks — pneumonia, urine retention/constipation, and sensory deprivation —